Monday, October 29, 2012

Don't throw out those receipts!

If you are like many busy business owners you don't have time for massive bookkeeping and paperwork. As someone who likes to streamline their time and paperwork you may be tempted to toss out the receipts for office supplies, meals out, and fuel because you know the debits or charges will be listed on your statement from the financial institution. This is typical behavior for business owners on the go. However, you need to know this...

The IRS rarely deems those financial statements as proof of eligibility of the deduction because they do not have enough detail about the expense. Furthermore, failure to keep adequate records has been deemed as negligence by the IRS.

Not only should you keep the receipts it is advisable to makes notes on the receipt (and in your QuickBooks memo field) of any pertinent information.

To learn more about  proper record keeping visit http://www.irs.gov/publications/p583/ar02.html.

Wednesday, October 24, 2012

Account Numbering System

Question: Do I have to use numbers in my chart of accounts in QuickBooks?

Answer: QuickBooks permits the user to either use account numbers or not. This is a preference that can be set by going to Edit>Preferences>Accounting>Company Preferences, check mark if you want to use account numbers or do not check mark if you prefer not to use account numbers. Even though you may choose not to use account numbers, the account numbers are still there, they are just not visible. Therefore if your accountant prefers account numbers (and s/he will) s/he can set the preference to view account numbers when reviewing your file.

Even though you may not be using account numbers if you add a new account to your chart of accounts you should temporarily enable the account numbers so that the new account will have a number. Do not add this number in the "account name" field, it is not the same as adding it in the "account number" field.

When adding a new account be sure to give it the correct number...the numbers do mean something!

Here is an example of a standard numbering system.

1000 - 1999: Asset Accounts
2000 - 2999: Liability Accounts
3000 - 3999: Equity Accounts
4000 - 4999: Revenue Accounts
5000 - 5999: COGS (Cost of Goods Sold)
6000 - 6999: Expense Accounts
7000 - 7999: Other Revenue
8000 - 8999: Other Expense

Double check with your accountant for their numbering system, they may have their own system.

If you prefer not to use numbers, once you have added the new account, go back to the preferences and uncheck "Use Account Numbers" by doing it this way you and your accountant will be happy.

Monday, October 8, 2012

Choosing a Business Structure

Your type of business determines which income tax form(s) you have to file with the IRS. Common business structures are sole proprietorship, partnership, corporations S corporation, and limited liability company (LLC). Legal and tax considerations enter into selecting a business structure.

Sole proprietor - an individual who owns a unicorporated business by him/herself.

Partnership - a relationship whre two or more persons join together to carry on a trade or business each person contributes money, property, labor or skill, and expects to share in the profits and losses of the business.

Corporation - a relationship where prospective shareholders exchange money, property, or both, for the coprpration's captial stock. Profits are taxed to the shareholders when distributed as dividends.

S corporation - a corporation, meeting certain criteria, that elects to be treated as a S corporation. Generally an S corporation is exempt from income tax; the shareholders report the S corporation's income, deductions, loss and credits on their individual tax returns.

Limited Liability Company (LLC) - an entity -- statutorily authorized in certain states-that is characterized by limited liability for debts similar to that of a corporation, management by members or managers, and pass through taxation similar to that of a partnership.

Reprinted from IRS Publication 1518.

Thursday, October 4, 2012

Cash vs. Accrual

Cash vs. Accrual

Often times business owners or new bookkeepers are confused about the differences of reporting on a cash basis vs. and accrual basis.

The CASH METHOD is a popular choice for small business due to its simplicity.  Think of it as actual money in and money out.  To determine gross income, add up the cash, checks, and fair market value of property and services you received during the year. Then add up all the money you spent on allowable deductible expenses that you actually paid for during your tax year.

With the ACCRUAL METHOD income is reported in the year in which it was earned even if the income may be received in a different tax year. Likewise you may deduct all expenses incurred during the tax year even if you do not pay for them during that tax year.

There are four types of taxpayers that cannot use the cash basis: (1) corporations with over $5,000,000 in gross receipts; (2) partnerships with at least one C corporation partner; (3) tax shelters; and (4) taxpayers required to keep inventory (retail, wholesale, manufacturer etc...) Exceptions (1) Farming Businesses (2) Qualified PSC's (3) Entities with gross receipts of not more than $7,000,000.

QuickBooks allows you to set a preference for your accounting method so your reports will automatically generate based on that preference. To set this preference (in QuickBooks desktop version) go to Edit>Preferences>Reports and Graphs, choose the company tab and there select either cash or accrual. Even though you may have set the preference for "Cash" there may still be times you may want to view a report on an "Accrual" basis.  Once you have the report on the screen you can easily change the report view and not change the default, by clicking Customize Report and selecting Accrual.

For more information on cash vs. accrual consult your accountant or see Publication 538 at irs.gov
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